In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an unambiguous specification/instruction of how to solve a certain class of problems. Algorithms can perform calculation, data processing and automated reasoning tasks.
An algorithm is an effective method that can be expressed within a finite amount of space and time and in a well-defined formal language for calculating a function. Starting from an initial state and initial input (perhaps empty), the instructions describe a computation that, when executed, proceeds through a finite number of well-defined successive states, eventually producing "output" and terminating at a final ending state. The transition from one state to the next is not necessarily deterministic; some algorithms, known as randomized algorithms, incorporate random input. Read more.
Deterministic algorithm means for each particular clearly-defined execution/run on the specific input(s), the algorithm produces/exhibits the same result/behavior. If results are different for different runs on the same input, the algorithm is said to be non deterministic.
Algorithms are extremely important in mathematics, computer science and other areas of life since they are simply "recipes" for carrying and performing out various tasks.
Generally, almost all algorithms follow this pattern:
Can you describe and possibly implement a computer algorithm that you clearly understand?
Here is a good introduction on evolutionary algorithm:
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